Telecommunications in the DRC: usage transformation, value reallocation and digital taxation challen

The telecommunications sector in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has experienced rapid growth over the past decade, driven by the expansion of mobile services and the increasing adoption of digital technologies.

Mobile subscriptions have risen from 28.2 million in 2013 to nearly 74 million in 2025, while total sector revenues have reached approximately USD 2.4 billion.

A structural transformation of the sector

Beyond market expansion, the sector is undergoing a profound transformation in its revenue structure. Data services have become the main growth driver, now accounting for more than 50% of total revenues, compared to around 14% in 2016.

This shift reflects a gradual transition toward digital usage, supported by smartphone penetration, improved connectivity, and the development of digital services.

In this context, sector growth is increasingly volume-driven, while unit revenues - particularly in the voice segment - have declined.

A reconfiguration of the value chain

The analysis also highlights a reallocation of value within the sector. Operators positioned in high-usage segments, particularly data, capture an increasing share of revenues.

The expansion of mobile money further illustrates this trend. While transaction volumes are growing rapidly, operators capture only a limited share of the total value generated, pointing to ongoing monetization challenges and evolving value-sharing dynamics.

Taxation challenges in a transforming sector

The telecommunications sector is a significant source of public revenue in the DRC, but it is also characterized by a relatively high level of effective taxation compared to international benchmarks.

Available estimates suggest that the effective average tax rate (EATR) reaches approximately 97%, and may exceed 110% depending on the methodology used.

In a sector increasingly driven by volumes and sensitive to pricing, the design of tax instruments plays a critical role in balancing sector development and public revenue mobilization.

Insights for policymakers and investors

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the telecommunications sector in the DRC, focusing on:
  • usage dynamics and business model transformation  
  • revenue structure and competitive landscape  
  • sectoral taxation challenges  
  • implications for public and private stakeholders  
It is intended for policymakers, telecom operators, investors, and economic partners seeking to better understand ongoing transformations and their implications.
Sources
This analysis is based on data and publications from: Yves AWA MUGUMA
Advisory Supervisor, BDO DRC

Blaise MBATSHI
Country Senior Partner & Managing Director de BDO RDC
 

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